Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) is a surgical procedure used to treat breast cancer. It involves the removal of the entire breast tissue, including the nipple-areolar complex, along with most of the lymph nodes under the arm (axillary lymph nodes). The chest muscles are preserved.

This surgery is often recommended when the tumor is large, involves multiple areas of the breast or when cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. It may also be chosen when breast-conserving surgery is not suitable or preferred.

During the procedure:

· The entire breast is removed to ensure complete removal of cancerous tissue.

· Axillary lymph node dissection is performed to check if cancer has spread beyond the breast.

· Drainage tubes may be placed temporarily to prevent fluid buildup.

MRM is typically followed by additional treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation or hormone therapy based on the final pathology report.

Recovery usually involves a hospital stay of 1–2 days, followed by rest and limited arm movement for a few weeks. A physical therapy plan may be provided to improve shoulder mobility and prevent stiffness.

MRM is a well-established and effective procedure for achieving local control of breast cancer while providing essential information for further treatment planning.